A geração de lixo no Brasil reduziu 2,04% em 2016 na comparação com 2015, segundo panorama divulgado nesta quinta (31) pela Associação Brasileira das Empresas de Limpeza Pública e Resíduos Especiais (Abrelpe). Foram gerados 78,3 milhões de toneladas de resíduos sólidos no ano passado.
Carlos Silva Filho, presidente da Abrelpe, não atribuiu a redução do lixo à conscientização ambiental da população, mas à crise. “É a primeira vez que temos decréscimo de resíduos sólidos no Brasil desde 2003, fruto da crise econômica, que afetou diretamente o poder de compra da população e trouxe, como consequência, o menor descarte de resíduos sólidos.”
Outro aspecto negativo atribuído à recessão econômica foi o aumento do uso de lixões, com 2.976 ainda presentes em todo o país. Tiveram destinação inadequada, em 2016, 81 mil toneladas de lixo. O uso de lixões a céu aberto cresceu de 17,2% em 2015 para 17,4% no ano passado.
Os aterros controlados, que ainda existem no país, são semelhantes a lixões, por vezes cercados, com cobertura de terra para esconder os resíduos, mas sem captação de gás e chorume. Houve ligeiro aumento, passando de 24,1% em 2015 para 24,2% no ano passado. O tratamento de lixo ideal, em aterro sanitário, feito em ambiente confinado para reduzir o volume de resíduos conforme os anos, caiu de 58,7% para 58,4%.
Sete municípios, não revelados pelo panorama, abandonaram o uso de aterros sanitários e passaram a usar lixões, em razão da redução de receitas municipais. O custo do uso de aterro gira em torno de R$ 90 a R$ 100 por tonelada. “É uma economia burra, pois deixa de pagar o aterro, mas, automaticamente, vai contaminar o meio ambiente e a pessoas, vai pagar mais no Sistema Único de Saúde”, disse o presidente da Abrelpe.
Segundo o panorama, 96 milhões de pessoas terão a saúde afetada por contaminação dos lixões. “São doenças como alergias, infecções estomacais, doenças causadas por vetores que se proliferam no lixo como dengue, zika, chikungunya, câncer, pressão arterial. Bastante preocupante.”
A coleta seletiva no Brasil estava presente em 69,3% em 2015, e registrou ligeiro aumento em 2016, passando a 69,6%. Entre as regiões brasileiras, o Sul foi o que mais implementou coleta seletiva (89,8%), seguido pelo Sudeste (87,2%), Norte (58,4%), Nordeste (49,6%) e Contro-Oeste (43,3%).
Fonte: Agência Brasil
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